Mewar Encyclopedia

Concise History of Mewar

A chronology of Mewar's 76 Rulers and their times (AD ca 569-2001) including some parallel events in India.
Conflicting dates exist for the reigns of Guhil and his two immediate successors, Bhoj and Mahendra I. Some texts maintain Guhil's reign began as early as 566 AD. The following dates must still be considered approximate.

61.	Ruler & Title: Maharana SANGRAM SINGH II Reign: 1710-1734 Capital: Udaipur Family: Sisodia	*Mewar:* 1710- 1734, Sangram Singh II builds Tripoliya and Hathi Thaan (Stable for elephant), Hathi ka Aagad, Hathnal ka Darikhana and Hathnal-Ki-Chandani, Hathi-Baithak, Palki Khana, Kacheri Mahal, Dilkhushal Mahal ka Parchana, Vani Vilas and Kishan Vilas Sat Tanka, Shiv Vilas, (Badi Chitrashali), Chowmukha (In-side Lakshmi Chowk The Zenana Mahal) 1711, Builds Tripoliya between Badi Pol and Manek Chowk. Palki Khana, Kacheri Mahal, Dilkhushal Mahal Ka Parchana, Chowmukha in Laxmi Chowk, The Zenana Mahal. 1715, ancient history chronicle Khuman Raso written. 1717-23, builds Shiv Vilas (Badi) Chitrashali, Vani Vilas and Sat Tanka, Sahelion ki Bari. 1718, begins series of raids to retake Mewar territories. *India:* 1712, Mughals, Jahandar Shah. 1713, Mughals, Farrukhsiyar. 1719, Mughals, Muhammad Shah. 1720, Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao I establishes Maratha power in Northern India; raids Delhi. 1724, Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah I, viceroy of Deccan quits Delhi, establishes semi-independent state of Hyderabad; other Mughal provinces (Bengal, Oudh) follow.
62.	Ruler & Title: Maharana JAGAT SINGH II Reign: 1734-1751 Capital: Udaipur Family: Sisodia	*Mewar:* 1734-1751, Jagat Singh II builds Pitam Niwas and Ras Niwas, 1743-1746, 1736, Maratha Baji Rao I captures Udaipur; exacts ongoing tributes. 1739, Jagat Singh refuses to help Mughals against Persian invader, Nadir Shah. 1743-1746, builds Jag Niwas (now the Lake Palace hotel). *India:* 1737, Marathas raid Delhi. 1739, Persian ruler Nadir Shah sacks Delhi; steals Mughals' Peacock Throne. 1742, French governor Dupleix exploits feuds among Indian rulers; builds up an Indian army ruled by French; 1746, French admiral La Bourdonnais captures Madras. 1747, Kandahar, Ahmad Shah Durrani, ex-commander of Nadir Shah of Persia, unites a number of warring tribes and founds Afghanistan. 1748, Durrani's 1st invasion of India.
63.	Ruler & Title: Maharana PRATAP SINGH II Reign: 1751-1754 Capital: Udaipur Family: Sisodia	*Mewar:* Ineffective ruler, a victim of circumstances beyond his control; pays out vast sums of tribute money to invading Marathas, putting Mewar into debt. *India:* 1751, Robert Clive captures Arcot.
64.	Ruler & Title: Maharana RAJ SINGH II Reign: 1754-1761 Capital: Udaipur Family: Sisodia	*Mewar:* Puts Mewar further into debt. 1755, Mar 9, signs treaty with Marathas; agrees to pay Rs. 15 lacs annually. Adopts uncle Ari Singh who possibly poisons him. *India:* 1754, Mughals, Alamgir II. 1756, Black Hole of Calcutta leads to British rule in Bengal. 1757, Clive defeats Bengal at Battle of Plassey; installs Mir Jafar. Ahmad Shah Durrani plunders Delhi, Agra, Mathura and Vrindaban; forced to retire when cholera strikes his men. 1758, Marathas occupy Punjab. 1759, Mughals, Shah Alam. 1760, British defeat French at Battle of Wandiwash.
65.	Ruler & Title: Maharana ARI SINGH II Reign: 1761-1773 Capital: Udaipur Family: Sisodia	*Mewar:* 1761-1773, Builds Bansi Ghat, Pipli Ghat and Arsi Vilas a small Island Palace in Lake Pichola. 1764, famine in Mewar. 1769, Jul 22, Treaty signed between Ari Singh and Maratha, Mahadji Rao Sindia. Pretender to throne, Kunwar Ratan Singh, backed by Mewar nobles, tries to overthrow govt., Battle of Ujjain. 1773, during break in Mewar's civil war, Ari Singh travels to Bundi to celebrate spring festival; assassinated by Prince Ajit Singh of Bundi. *India:* 1761, 2nd Battle of Panipat, Ahmed Shah Durrani defeats Marathas who withdraw south. Haider Ali usurps Mysore throne. 1764, Battle of Baxar, British and their Indian troops defeat joint forces of Mughal ruler and of nawabs of Bengal and Oudh. 1765, Clive returns to India as governor of Bengal. 1769, Haider Ali conquers large parts of South India. 1770, Bengal famine, one-third of population dies. 1772, British East India Co. replaced by British Govt. of India. 1770, Marathas annex Rajput Ajmer; take Agra.
66.	Ruler & Title: Maharana HAMIR SINGH II Reign: 1773-1778 Capital: Udaipur Family: Sisodia	*Mewar:* Ascends throne aged 13; Diwan Amar Chand hires Sind mercenaries to counter attacks by Marathas; Sinds take over Udiapur; Hamir brings in Maratha leader, Holkar to get rid of Sinds. 1778, dies, dispirited, at age 18 with Mewar demoralised and bankrupt. *India:* 1773, Regulation Act, Warren Hastings becomes governor general. 1775, 1st Anglo-Indian War; Hastings sends expedition from Calcutta to Surat to break coalition of Marathas, Hyder Ali, and Hyderabad.
67.	Ruler & Title: Maharana BHEEM SINGH Reign: 1778-1828 Capital: Udaipur Family: Sisodia	*Mewar:* Ascends throne at age 10. 1788, Jan 26, Battle of Harkyakhal between Udaipur and Marathas—Udaipur defeated. 1789, Oct 24, Arjun Singh of Kurabar murders Mewar Prime Minister Som Chand Gandhi. 1791, Aug 22, Bheem Singh of Salumbar occupies Chittor. Nov 17, Sindhia helps Maharana Bheem Singh expel Salumbar Bheem Singh from Chittor. 1792, Maharana Bheem Singh occupies Kumbhalgarh. 1794, Maharana attacks Banswara. 1796, Capt. Tod's 1st visit to Mewar; meets Bheem Singh. 1810, tragedy of Bheem Singh's daughter, Princess Krishna Kumari forced to commit suicide to prevent war with Marwar and Jaipur. 1813, Mewar looted by Amir Khan. After the 1818 Treaty signed with The East India Co, the external administration of Mewar was taken over by British, with the appointment of Capt. James Tod (Later LT. Col.) as Political Agent, although Mewar's debt to British begins. , In 1778-1828, He Built Nagina Baadi Darikhana, Madan Vilas, Bheem Vilas (Part II), Suk Niwas (Y. 1801), Naya Mahal or Bheem Niwas (Y. 1825), Parvati Vilas (Y. 1825). *India:* 1782, British obtain Bombay from Marathas; Treaty of Salbai. Death of Haider Ali; son Tipu Sultan continues to fight British. 1784, Second Regulation Act, stronger position of governor general, est. of Board of Control in London. 1785, impeachment of Hastings. His successor, Lord Cornwallis defeats Tipu Sultan, annexes a major part of his territory. Maratha Wars. 1790, Marathas defeat Jaipur and Jodhpur at Merta. 1799, final defeat and death of Tipu Sultan. 1803, Nawab of Oudh cedes southern and western districts to British. 1817, British take over administrative control of Malwa. 1818, final British victory over Marathas; Princely States of Rajputana sign treaty ceding administration to British.
68.	Ruler & Title: Maharana JAWAN SINGH Reign: 1828-1838 Capital: Udaipur Family: Sisodia	*Mewar:* 1828-1830, Builds Ghoomat Mandir (Near Kacheri Mahal) 1834, Jal Niwas: Facing Lake Pichola 1828-1830, Mukut Mandir and Chhoti Chitrashali (Col. James Tod publishes Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan in London.) Mewar’s debt to British grows. Jawan adopts cousin Sardar Singh who succeeds him. *India:* 1829, British ban sati.
69.	Ruler & Title: Maharana SARDAR SINGH Reign: 1838-1842 Capital: Udaipur Family: Sisodia	*Mewar:* Rules for 4 undistinguished years. Intrigues at court grow, as does British debt. Adopts younger brother Swaroop Singh who succeeds him. *India:* 1839, British begin building Grand Trunk Road.
70.	Ruler & Title: Maharana SWAROOP SINGH Reign: 1842-1861 Capital: Udaipur Family: Sisodia	*Mewar:* 1842-1861, Builds Hawa Mahal (On the top of Tripoliya), Surya Prakash, Swarup Vilas, Khush Mahal: (Chief Court of Mewar), Chhota Darikhana, Swarup Niwas, Moti Mahal (Now in MMPS Area) 1855 Akhada Ka Mahal and Akhada Ghat, Neemdi Wala Mahal, Sharbati Vilas & Brij Vilas 1857, Mewar army helps repulse mutiny at Neemuch; Swaroop Singh gives refuge to British women and children. Builds Govardhan Vilas; replaces dome of Chittor's Victory Tower destroyed by lightning. Dies at Govardhan Vilas, allegedly poisoned by Kunwar Shardul Singh. 1861, Aug 15, Sati banned in Mewar. *India:* 1857, ‘Indian Mutiny’; 1858, East India Co. dissolved; country comes under control of British Govt. of India.

Shiv Niwas Palace Udaipur	Fateh Prakash Palace Udaipur
Jagmandir Island Palace Udaipur	Gajner Palace Bikaner
Shikarbadi Hotel Udaipur	Garden Hotel Udaipur
The Aodhi Kumbhalgarh	Fateh Bagh Ranakpur
Gorbandh Palace Jaisalmer	Karni Bhawan Palace Bikaner